Mountains of Saudi Arabia – Highest Peaks, Geography, Significance & More

Saudi Arabia has a diverse geography. From mountains to deserts, it features everything. Most people think Saudi deserts are the highlight of this country. However, you should know that it has one of the most magnificent mountains adding to its glory. Whether we talk about the rugged peaks of the Asir Mountains or the ancient Tuwaiq Mountains, the list is quite wondrous. Let’s take you on a journey of the hidden gems of Saudi Arabia’s mountainous terrain! Read along.

What are the Major Mountain Ranges in Saudi Arabia?

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia features several geographically, culturally, and historically important mountains. The most renowned mountain ranges include the Sarawat Mountains, the Hijaz Mountains, the Aseer Mountains, and the Midian Mountains. Other wondrous mountains include Tuwaiq, Jabal al Lawz, Jibal Abanat, etc.

Here is your guide to the most important mountains in geographic, cultural, and historical terms. Whether you are a tourist, pilgrim, or resident, this is your journey to learning more about Saudi Arabia. But first, let’s talk about the highest peaks in the country.

What are the Highest Mountain Peaks in Saudi Arabia?

The highest mountain peaks in Saudi Arabia is Jabal As-Sudah. It is located in the Sarawat Mountains. Jabal As-Sudah is the tallest at 3,015 meters. This is followed by Jabal Natfah and then Jabal al-Majaz at 2,902 meters. Other high peaks include Jabal Mawma, Jabal Katfa, Jabal Atherb, and Jabal Kara. You should know that these mountains are mainly found in the Aseer and Al-Bahah provinces. Following is a detailed overview:

Which One are The Geographically important mountains of Saudi Arabia?

Undoubtedly, the mountains have a major impact on the geography of Saudi Arabia. This is why we are starting off this guide with the geographical extent. These are the significant mountainous regions of the east, west, north, and south of the kingdom:

Hence, deserts are not the only important features of the kingdom. Here are the details that explain why:

The Western Mountains of the Kingdom

You should know that the Western Highlands of Saudi Arabia feature dramatic landscapes, rich biodiversity, and great geographical significance. They are divided into three main groups:

• The Sarawat Mountains
• The Hijaz Mountains
• The Midian Mountains

Each of these ranges has geographical features and notable peaks adding to the topography of the Kingdom. Here are the features of these three mountains:

• The Sarawat Mountains

This region is home to some of the highest mountain peaks in Saudi Arabia. Moreover, the Sarawat Mountains consist of three main ranges. The first is the “al-Hubatah” convergence area. It is a coastal hills range, which begins as low hills and slowly increases in elevation towards the east. Then there’s the al-Asdar range. It comprises the western slopes that descend towards the west. These are home to many narrow valleys with steep and high sides. Lastly, there’s the highlands range. It starts from the watershed line where the valleys either head west towards Tihama or east towards the inner plains.

As aforementioned, the Sarawat Mountains feature many significantly high peaks of Saudi mountains. This includes Jabal al-Suda with 3,015m height, al-Ferwa with 3,004, and more. 

• Hijaz Mountains

Another important range of the Western Highlands of Saudi Arabia is the Hijaz Mountains. It features a breathtaking combination of peaks and valleys. Yes, that’s right. These include so many significant peaks in the country, including:

• Jabal Wirqan (2,393 m)
• Jabal Idqis (2,161 m)
• Jabal Awf (2,082 m)
• Radwa (2,282 m)
• Jabal Shamanasir (1,618 m)
• Subh (1,898 m)
• Al-Fiqrah (1,901 m)

Clearly, Jabal Wirqan stands as the highest among other significant mountains with 2,393 meters. Moreover, these mountains are crisscrossed by many valleys, known as wadis. And most of these flow down towards the Red Sea. Some of the prominent valleys include Wadi Fatimah, al-Safra, al-Hamd, and al-Abwa’. 

• Midian Mountains

The Midian Mountains represent the northern part of the Western Highlands. And they are a combination of complex elevations and high peaks. The highest peak in this range is Jabal al-Lawz with a height of 2,549 meters above sea level. Moreover, these mountains are located near the shores of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aqaba. You should know that the coastal plains of the Gulf of Aqaba disappear in some spots and turn into steep mountains that rise sharply from the sea. Furthermore, the notable peaks in the Midian Mountains include:

• Jabal al-Lawz (2,549 m)
• Jabal Zuhd (1,980 m)
• Ash-Shati (2,103 m)
• Jabal Harb (1,789 m)
• Ad-Dubbagh (2,315 m)

Apart from this, the region is also home to several beautiful valleys. These flow from the mountains into the Gulf of Aqaba and the northern Red Sea. Notable valleys of Midian include Mibrik, Umm Jurfin, Ifal, Aynounah, and Tirim. 

Central Mountains of Saudi Arabia

The next important region of Saudi Arabia in terms of mountains is the center of the kingdom. Moreover, this area is home to the following important mountain ranges:

• Jibal Aban al-Ahmar & Aban al-Asmar
• Jibal Hasat Qahtan

Now that you know the names of the notable ranges. Let’s get to the details of these mountains and how they contribute to the geography of the kingdom. 

• Jibal Aban al-Ahmar & Aban al-Asmar

You should know that these are the most important mountains in the region. Located in the Qassim Province of central Saudi Arabia, Jibal Aban al-Ahmar and Aban al-Asmar total of thirteen peaks. Their highest peak is the Aban al-Ahmar with an elevation of 1,315 meters while Aban al-Asmar stands at 1,243 meters. Furthermore, these mountains are made up of igneous and metamorphic rocks. Besides, several streams flow down from them. You should know that the area is popular for its lush date palm farms, and small villages scattered throughout the mountains. 

• Jibal Hasat Qahtan

This mountain range is located in the Riyadh Province, in the southwest of the al-Quway’iyyah Governorate. These mountains reach an elevation of 1,508 meters and are part of the high plateau of Najd. The highlight of this range is the granite formations that have a striking reddish color. Want to know about the notable peaks of the region? Well, they are:

• Batran
• Dasas

Another thing that makes this region so breathtaking is the valleys and streams interspersed here. Besides, there are so many villages scattered here too. There is also a paved road that connects this area to the Riyadh-Taif highway. This is how it has become more accessible for visitors.

Mountains in the Northern Saudi Arabia

The North part of Saudi Arabia features several important mountain regions. They include:

• Jibal al-Misma
• Jabal Abu Rawadif
• Jabal ash-Shiyati
• Jabal Yatib

In fact, they significantly contribute to the topography of this region of the kingdom. Here is all you need to know about these  mountainous regions:

• Jibal al-Misma

This mountain range is in the Hail Province – in the northwest of Bayda’ Nithil. Being 1431m high, Jibal al-Misma consists of a series of continuous peaks that stretch along the borders of Hail and Tabuk provinces. You should also know that the range is bordered to the north and west by an-Nufud al-Kabir. Besides, it is 30 kilometers in length and 5 kilometers in width. These are the notable peaks of Jibal al-Misma:

• Jabal al-Sajnah in the north
• Jabal al-Arqoub in the south

Did You Know?
The elevation of Jabal al-Sajnah is around 1,013 meters.

• Jabal Abu Rawadif

This is one of the volcanic mountains in the Kingdom. Moreover, Jabal Abu Rawadif are located in Hail Province and have an elevation of 1,141 meters. The range consists of four small peaks and is surrounded by several other mountains. The surrounding mountains include Jabal al-Qarnayn to the north, Sinaf al-Makhruqah to the south, al-Ghiraybat Mountains to the east, and Qa’ al-Hilali to the west.

Are You Aware?
The mountain got the name ‘Abu Rawadif’ because of its unique shape.

• Jabal ash-Shiyati

The next in this region is Jabal ash-Shiyati. It is situated in Tabuk Province to the northeast of the village of al-Kharibah. You should know that this mountain reaches an elevation of 2,103 meters and is part of the Midian Mountains. Yes, that’s right! The rest of the Midian mountains are a part of the Western Highlands while this one lies here – in the north. 

• Jabal Yatib

This mountain is known for its archaeological significance. After all, it features sites dating back to the third millennium BCE. You can even find a collection of Thamudic rock art and inscriptions here. Anyway, Jabal Yatib is located about 30 kilometers east of Hail City and is surrounded by desert dunes. It is a major tourist attraction because of is home to several depictions of humans, camels, lions, and palm trees. Have a knack for history and culture? If so, do visit Jabal Yatib.

Mountains of the South Saudi Arabia 

The southern Saudi Arabia covers the Jazan Province, which is home to several impressive mountains, including:

• Jabal Fayfa
• Jabal al-Hashr
• Jabal al-Arif

Jabal Fayfa

Jabal Fayfa is 100 kilometers from the city of Jazan, the administrative capital of the province. This mountain has a height of 1,814 meters and is part of the Sarawat Mountains. It stretches from north of Taif City to the Saudi-Yemeni border. Moreover, Jabal Fayfa features a range of peaks. The most well-known among these summit of al-Abassiyah. Also, it has several valleys flowing through, including Wadi al-Fur’, Wadi Dhubub, and Wadi al-Muhr.

Did You Know?
Al Fayfa is considered one of the highest and the most complex mountains of KSA.

Jabal al-Hashr

Located northwest of Ad-Da’ir Governorate, Jabal al-Hashr is another prominent mountain in Jazan Province. In fact, it is one of the tallest mountains in Saudi Arabia. It reaches a height of 2,307 meters and is also a part of the Sarawat Mountains. Moreover, the mountain consists of solid rocks that resist erosion. The vegetation here includes a variety of trees such as acacia, tamarisk, and wild olive. Seasonal rainfall keeps the pastures in the mountain lush green and supports the growth of aromatic plants. You should know that Jabal al-Hashr is a popular tourist attraction.

Jabal al-Arif

This mountain is located northeast of Fayfa Governorate and has an approximate height of 2,632 meters. Jabal al-Arif is part of the Tihama highlands within the Sarawat Mountains. Well, the mountain is known for its impressive heights and scenic views. This is why it is a significant feature of the Jazan Province landscape.

Mountains of the South Saudi Arabia 

The eastern side of Saudi Arabia – the Eastern Province – is home to ‏Jabal Qarah‏. In fact, it is one of the landmarks of this region located in the city of al-Hufuf, within al-Ahsa Governorate. Moreover, it is about 15 kilometers from the city and is surrounded by a lush green oasis. You should know that al-Qarah stands at a height of about 210 meters above sea level. Also, they cover a total area of 1000 meters.

Important Info!
Jabal Qarah is the second smallest mountain in Saudi Arabia after Jabal Abraq al-Kabrit.

Around its border are four historic villages: Al-Tawthir, al-Dalwah, al-Tahimiyyah, and al-Qarah. And it is the village of al-Qara that gives this mountain its name. Undoubtedly, this is a mountain of wonders. It is made of layered limestone, revealing colorful strata upon erosion. There is also a large rocky hill at its summit. Besides, al-Qarah has a rich history in the pre-Islamic times. And its beauty was even mentioned in the poetry of the famous poet Imru’ Al-Qais. Today, this mountain is a popular tourist attraction in al-Ahsa Province. You can access it through Ain al-Khudud Road, al-Jishah Road, or al-Jafr Road.

Saudi Arabian mountains with cultural importance

Above we have discussed the mountains of Saudi Arabia from the geographical perspective.  However, you should know that there are many mountains here known for their cultural  And historical richness. Here are some prominent mountains in the Saudi culture:

You may know that Saudi cities are culturally rich. But they are not the only topographical feature with this plus. Let’s talk about what cultural significance they add to the Kingdom:

• Tuwaiq Mountains

These hold an important place in Saudi Arabia’s history and culture. In 1818, they witnessed a crucial battle where the Saudi army confronted the invading Ottoman forces led by Ibrahim Pasha during their attempt to capture Diriyah.  their symbolic significance can also be gorged by their notable mention at the Future Investment Initiative Conference in Riyadh in 2018. The Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman al Saud remarked that the strength of the Saudis is like that of the Tuwayq Mountains. Moreover, The Tuwayq Mountains also serve as the official icon for the Qiddiya project. 

What’s the News?
The Qiddiya project is the largest entertainment, sports, and cultural development under Saudi Vision 2030

If you are a visitor, citizen, or tourist, you can visit the Tuwayq Mountains for various outdoor activities. You can also come here for its famous viewpoints known as the “Edge of the World”.

• Jibal al-Lawz

Another culturally popular mountain range is Jibal al-Lawz. In fact, it is a popular tourist destination in the Tabuk province. We suggest you visit it in the winter season. The peaks are usually covered in snow at that time and it is the perfect time for hiking and other activities. Apart from this, the historical importance of these mountains goes back to the ancient civilization. There have been found several rock drawings dating back to 10,000 years BC. This region also has many ancient engravings and Arabic inscriptions from the post-Islamic era. The range has many mountain peaks – the highest being Jabal Fayhan! 

Important Saudi Mountains in the Islamic History

Saudi mountains are not just beautiful landscapes. In fact they are the landmarks of many events in the Islamic history. From ancient battles to revered sites, there is a lot to explore in these mountains. Besides, some of the most notable mountains with rich Islamic history include the following:

You should know that both these mountains have played very important roles in Islamic historical events. Let’s get into the details.

Jabal al-Uhud

Jabal al-Uhud is located near Medina, Saudi Arabia. The mountain is known for its role in the Battle of Uhud, which took place in 625 CE (3 AH). This battle was a major conflict between the Muslims and the Quraysh of Mecca. Moreover, the battle was initially perceived as a success for Muslims but turned into a defeat eventually. 

Important!
The Battle of Uhud is a lesson on the consequences of disobedience and overconfidence. 

Other than this, it is also a resting place for many martyrs, including Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib, the Prophet’s uncle. This mountain has emotional and spiritual significance too. Here is what the Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) said about Uhud. 

“This is a mountain which loves us and loved by us.” – Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H)

Jabal Al-Noor

Jabal al-Noor is another religiously important mountain located near Mecca. It is famous for housing the Cave of Hira (Ghar Hira). You should know that this is where Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) received his first revelation from the angel Gabriel. Besides, this mountain stands around 640 meters high and is a popular site for pilgrims.

Did You Know?
The name – Jabal al-Noor – literally means the”Mountain of Light”.

It is a historical site but also a place of reflection and meditation. After all, this is where the Prophet (P.B.U.H) sought solitude before his mission began. Hence, many Muslims aspire to visit this site as an act of devotion, especially during Hajj.

Conclusion

 If you have come reading this far, you know that the mountain region of Saudi Arabia is quite diverse. Whether we talk geographically, culturally or historically, there is so much to explore mountain ranges of the kingdom. From a topographical aspect, the mountains are divided into the Western Highlands, the Central Region, the North, the Jazan Province in the South, and the Eastern Province. When it comes to culturally important mountains, the kingdom has the Tuwayq Mountains and Jibal Lawz. Moreover, Jabal al-Uhud and Jabal al-Noor hold quite an importance in religious history. So, if you are a resident here or a visitor, you now have upgraded info on the mountains of Saudi Arabia.